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14. Allusion is a reference to specific places, persons, literary characters or historical events, that, by some association, have come to stand for a certain thing or an idea. The most frequently resorted sources are mythology and the Bible. e.g. We are met here as the guests of – what shall I call them? – the Three Graces of the Dublin musical world. The main stylistic function of the device is to make the speech more vivid.

10. Pun (paranomasia, a play of words) is a figure of speech in which the role of the context is similar to that of zeugma, while the structure is changed, for the central word is repeated. e.g. – I’m going to give you some advice. – Oh! Pray don’t. One should never give a woman anything that she can’t wear in the evening. The main stylistic functions are: − to create a humorous effect; − a vehicle of the author’s thought (and not a mere decoration).
9. Zeugma is a figure of speech which consists of one main element and a number of adjuncts, thus it is based on the interaction between the free and phraseological meanings of a polysemantic word (or a pair of homonyms) without the repetition of the word itself. 18 e.g. «Have you been seeing any spirits?» – inquired the old gentleman. «Or taking any?» added Bob Allan.
1. Antonomasia – is the use of a proper name for a common one. It is based on the interaction of the logical and nominal meanings of a word. It may be metaphoric, i.e. based upon a similarity between two things. e.g. The Gioconda smile. It may be metonymic, when a name of a person stands, for instance, for the thing he has created. e.g. Where one man would treasure a single Degas, Renoir, Cezanne, he bought wholesale. To be employed as a common noun the proper name must have a fixed logical association between the name itself and the qualities of the bearer. Each case of antonomasia is a unique creation. The main function of antonomasia is to characterize the person simultaneously naming him. It is vastly used in the so – called «speaking names»: Lady Teasle. Miss Sharp


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